Esophagus is the food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach. Esophageal cancer is cancer that started from the esophagus. The symptoms include swallowing difficulty, weight loss, pain, enlarged lymph nodes around the collarbone. It is considered a serious malignancy with respect to prognosis and mortality rate and accounts for approximately 400,000 deaths around the world in 2005. Esophageal carcinoma ranks the eighth most common cancer and the sixth most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with developing countries making up approximately 83% of total cases and deaths. Moreover, esophageal cancer is expected to increase in incidence in the next 10 years. For more: esophageal cancer diagnostic development

This program aims to develop ICOS × PD-1 therapeutic bispecific antibody for colorectal cancer immunotherapy.

Rationale for our program:

Blocking of the PD-1 / L1 axis has shown durable responses and prolonged overall survival in a variety of cancer types. However, there is still a significant unmet need for relapsed patients. ICOS is a costimulatory molecule expressed on activated T cells (e.g., TEff and TReg cells) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Studies indicate that ICOS agonism could improve TEff cell survival and IFNy release, thereby activating T cell-dependent tumor eradication. Current therapeutic antibody treatment interventions for multiple PD1/costimulatory combinations have shown compelling activity for cancer immunotherapy.

In summary, IgM-mediated pseudoallergy is an obstacle for clinical translation of nanomedicines like PEGylated liposomes. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms involving anti-PEG IgM and complement activation has guided engineering strategies to reduce this hypersensitivity risk. Further innovations to limit IgM responses or selectively remove anti-PEG IgM could enable safe, repeated dosing of nanoparticle drugs. A deeper understanding of pseudoallergy pathways may also shed light on other unexplained infusion reactions to pegylated biopharmaceuticals.

Extracellular vesicles called stem cell exosomes (SC-Exos) are secreted by SCs and contain lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The benefits and uses of SC-Exos have been explored in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including heart disease, liver disease, lung disease, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. This is because SC-Exos have the latent capacity to mimic many of the curative superiorities of SCs without some of the limitations associated with SC therapy. Numerous SC-Exo medications have received approval and are undergoing clinical trials. For more: BM-MNC-derived exosome

In the ten years since its creation, CrossMab technology has grown to become one of the most sophisticated, adaptable, and extensively applied technologies in the field of bispecific antibodies. With 16 of them still undergoing evaluation in ongoing clinical trials, at least 19 bispecific antibodies and fusion proteins based on CrossMab technology created by Roche and other businesses had entered clinical trials as of mid-2021. The most developed of them are the bispecific antibodies directed against CD20/CD3 T cells, glofitamab, which is presently in a pivotal phase 3 study, and Ang-2/VEGF, faricimab, which is presently undergoing regulatory review.

Compared to their counterparts discovered in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, the precursors of chloroplast ribosomes have a closer relationship with those ribosomes found in prokaryotes (including bacteria and archaea). This remarkable resemblance points to a prehistoric evolutionary event involving endosymbiosis, in which two organisms engulf one another and start living in mutualistic cooperation. The primal eukaryote in this scenario is thought to have consumed a photosynthetic bacteria. The bacterium and host cell maintained this beneficial association, with the bacterium developing into what is now known as the chloroplast, rather than breaking down the organism.

Site-Specific HESylation Site-focused Amphotericin B, peptides, and proteins, including erythropoietin, interferon α-2b, anakinra, and an erythropoietin mimetic peptide, were all subjected to HESylation. Studies conducted in vivo on dogs for these conjugates revealed that altering the molar mass (MW) and molar substitution (MS) can adjust the half-life. The half-life of the HES conjugate with high MW and high MS was three times longer than that of the commercially available glycosylated version.

SARS-CoV-2's viral envelope contains a trimeric spike (S) protein, just like other enveloped RNA viruses. The trimeric S protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a highly desirable target for subunit vaccine development because it binds to the host cell surface receptor ACE2 and mediates subsequent viral entry. Our approach for developing breakthrough vaccines enables the synthesis of new fusion proteins that are covalently trimerized. We offer complete SARS-CoV-2 S protein subunit vaccine development services, including gene synthesis, vector assembly, protein expression and purification, immunoassay, etc., thanks to our exclusive vaccine development platform.

A microfluidic biochip typically consists of separate intake, channel mixer, and signal detection chambers. Individual microfluidic components can now be produced more easily because to advancements in micro- and nanofabrication techniques. These components will subsequently be integrated to create a working chip. Microfluidic chips can currently be made from a variety of materials, including organic (like polydimethylsiloxane, or PDMS), inorganic (like silica and glass), and composite (like polystyrene, or PS, polymethyl methacrylate, or PMMA), and paper materials.

Single-cell high-throughput fast separation, capture, extraction, and sequencing technologies are among the single-cell omics technologies that have been used in major and uncommon illness therapy and clinical research. The development of single-cell omics technology has made it feasible to conduct in-depth single-cell analyses of each and every T cell. Scientists can learn more about how the immune system reacts to autoimmune reactions and cancer by using single cell omics for T cells. Scientists have fully mapped the T lymphocyte maps associated with non-small cell lung cancer using the most advanced single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology available today. This mapping has revealed intratumoral populations of lung cancer T cells, as well as subpopulations and characteristics of tissue distribution. It also offers a new clinical marker for lung adenocarcinoma. For more: single cell omics for CD8